Application:

Mechanical manufacturing:

1. Used to manufacture shaft-type parts, such as transmission shafts, machine tool spindles, etc., capable of withstanding large torque and load.

2. To make blanks of gears, after subsequent processing and heat treatment, improve the strength and wear resistance of gears.

Construction field:

1. As a support component in building structures, enhance the stability and load-bearing capacity of buildings.

2. Used to make scaffolds, railings and other auxiliary facilities.

Automotive industry:

1. Manufacture certain parts of automobile engines, such as connecting rods, crankshafts, etc.

2. Used for some connectors in chassis systems.

Tool manufacturing:

1. Production of various hand tools, such as hammers, wrenches, etc.

2. Manufacture of mechanical processing tools such as drills, taps, etc.

Energy industry:

1. In oil and gas extraction, it is used to make equipment such as drill pipes.

2. It is used to make certain structural parts of wind power equipment.

Physical properties:

1. Density: Usually around 7.85 g/cm³, which gives it a relatively high mass for a given volume.

2. Electrical Conductivity: It has moderate electrical conductivity but is less conductive than metals like copper.

3. Thermal Conductivity: Good thermal conductivity, allowing it to transfer heat efficiently.

4. Hardness: Varies depending on the carbon content and heat treatment; higher carbon content leads to increased hardness.

Chemical properties:

1. Oxidation: Prone to oxidation when exposed to air and moisture, forming iron oxide (rust).

2. Reactivity with Acids: Reacts with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, liberating hydrogen gas.

3. Corrosion Resistance: Generally has limited corrosion resistance and may corrode in aggressive environments.

4. Alloying Behavior: Can be alloyed with other elements to enhance specific properties, such as chromium for improved corrosion resistance.